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سُورَةُ الإِخۡلَاصِ · 112:2
MeccanRevelation order ٢٢Juzʾ ٣٠Page ٦٠٤

ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ

٢
Saheeh International · EN

Allah, the Eternal Refuge.

IntroductionRevelationTafsirTransmissionDebate
Bio

Introduction

This is āyah 2 of Sūrat Al-Ikhlaas (The Sincerity), the 22nd sūrah in the traditional order of revelation. It was revealed in the Meccan period and sits within Juzʾ 30. Meccan verses tend to address faith, the oneness of God, and the hereafter.

This introduction is a starting point — the community and Bilal will enrich it over time.

Bio

Revelation & occasion

Asbāb al-Nuzūl
Period
Meccan
Order revealed
22 of 114
Surah
Al-Ikhlaas (112)

No specific occasion of revelation (Asbāb al-Nuzūl) is recorded for this āyah in al-Wāḥidī's collection. Many verses were revealed without a single triggering event.

Commentary

Tafsir

4 works

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Imam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka'b that the idolators said to the Prophet ﷺ, "O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord." So Allah revealed قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ - اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ - لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ - وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ (1. Say: "He is Allah")(2. "One".)(3. "He begets not, nor was He begotten".)(4. "And there is non comparable to Him.") Similar was recorded by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir and they added in their narration that he said, الصَّمَدُ (As-Samad) is One Who does not give birth, nor was He born, because there is nothing that is born except that it will die, and there is nothing that dies except that it leaves behind inheritance, and indeed Allah does not die and He does not leave behind any inheritance. وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ (And there is none comparable to Him.) T…
Provenance

Chains of transmission

Oral — isnād

  1. ~610–632 CERevelation & memorisation

    Received by the Prophet ﷺ and preserved by the ḥuffāẓ (memorisers) among the Companions.

  2. 1st century AHMutawātir transmissionawaiting curation

    Carried by mass-transmission through the generations of qurrāʾ.

  3. TodayLiving chainsawaiting curation

    Continuous ijāzah chains link reciters today back to the Prophet ﷺ.

Verified isnād chains for this āyah will be added by curators.

Written — the manuscript record

  1. ~650 CEʿUthmānic codicesawaiting curation

    The standardised muṣḥaf sent to the great cities (e.g. the Topkapı and Samarqand codices).

  2. 8th–10th c.Early Ḥijāzī & Kūfic foliosawaiting curation

    Surviving leaves in Birmingham, Sanaa, Paris (BnF) and beyond.

  3. Modern printModern printawaiting curation

    The 1924 Cairo edition → today: the standard printed muṣḥaf used worldwide.

A curated chain of manuscript images for this exact āyah — roughly one per century — is coming. Help us source and verify them.

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And now — what do you think?

The text, its history and the classical commentary are laid out above. Share your own understanding, ask a question, or reason with others.

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Provenance

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